Bone marrow transplants

Dr Nahrwar has performed many bone marrow transplants throughout his years as a specialist, and he is an expert on the conditions that require bone marrow transplant as a treatment. Bone marrow is the spongy, fatty tissue inside your bones that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and immature blood-forming stem cells. A bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure in which bone marrow that has been damaged or destroyed is removed and replaced with healthy bone marrow stem cells. The healthy stem cells help to make enough white blood cells, platelets, or red blood cells, which restores the blood's various essential functions.

Bone marrow transplants are used to treat:

  • Aplastic anaemia
  • Cancers that affect the marrow, such as leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma
  • Damaged bone marrow due to chemotherapy
  • Congenital neutropenia
  • Sickle cell anaemia
  • Thalassemia

Types of bone marrow transplants:

  • Autologous bone marrow transplant. Before a patient receives high-dose chemotherapy or radiation treatment, stem cells are extracted and stored in a freezer. After the treatment, the stem cells are put back into the patient's body to make normal blood cells again.
  • Allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Stem cells are taken from a donor. Donors may be a family member, or they may be found through the national bone marrow registry. Donor stem cells can be collected through bone marrow harvest or a process called leukapheresis.
  • Umbilical cord blood transplant. Stem cells are drawn from a newborn baby's umbilical cord, frozen and stored until they are needed for a transplant.

A stem cell/bone marrow transplant is usually performed after chemo- and radiation therapy is complete. The stem cells are usually delivered into the patient's bloodstream through a tube called a central venous catheter, similar to a blood transfusion. The stem cells migrate through the blood into the bone marrow. Surgery is often not required.

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